Theranostics 2018; 8(2):304-313. doi:10.7150/thno.22369 This issue Cite

Research Paper

Near-infrared Intraoperative Imaging of Thoracic Sympathetic Nerves: From Preclinical Study to Clinical Trial

Kunshan He1,2,4*, Jian Zhou1*, Fan Yang1*, Chongwei Chi2,3, Hao Li1, Yamin Mao2,3, Bengang Hui1, Kun Wang2,3✉, Jie Tian2,3,4,5✉, Jun Wang1✉

1. Department of Thoracic Surgery, Peking University People's Hospital, No.11, Xi Zhi Men South Avenue, Beijing100190, China;
2. CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China;
3. Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Beijing 100190, China;
4. University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, China.
5. CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
* These authors contributed equally to this manuscript

Citation:
He K, Zhou J, Yang F, Chi C, Li H, Mao Y, Hui B, Wang K, Tian J, Wang J. Near-infrared Intraoperative Imaging of Thoracic Sympathetic Nerves: From Preclinical Study to Clinical Trial. Theranostics 2018; 8(2):304-313. doi:10.7150/thno.22369. https://www.thno.org/v08p0304.htm
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Abstract

Graphic abstract

The sympathetic nervous system controls and regulates the activities of the heart and other organs. Sympathetic nervous system dysfunction leads to disease. Therefore, intraoperative real-time imaging of thoracic sympathetic nerves (ITSN) would be of great clinical significance for diagnosis and therapy. The aim of this experimental study was to evaluate the feasibility and validity of intraoperative ITSN using indocyanine green (ICG).

Methods: ITSN using ICG was performed on 10 rabbits to determine its feasibility. Animals were allocated to two groups. The rabbits in one group received the same dose of ICG, but were observed at different times. The rabbits in the other group were administered different doses of ICG, but were observed at the same time. Signal to background ratio (SBR) was measured in regions of interest in all rabbits. Furthermore, fifteen consecutive patients with pulmonary nodules were intravenously injected with ICG 24 h preoperatively and underwent near-infrared (NIR) fluorescence imaging (FI) thoracoscopic surgeries between July 2015 and June 2016. A novel self-developed NIR and white-light dual-channel thoracoscope system was used. SBRs of thoracic sympathetic nerves were calculated in all patients.

Results: In the preclinical study, we were able to precisely recognize each rabbit's second (T2) to fifth (T5) thoracic ganglia on both sides of the spine using ITSN with ICG. In addition, we explored the relationship between SBR and the injection time of ICG and that between SBR and the dose of ICG. Using the novel dual-channel thoracoscope system, we were able to locate the ganglia from the stellate ganglion (SG) to the sixth thoracic ganglion (T6), as well as the chains between these ganglia in all patients with a high SBR value of 3.26 (standard deviation: 0.57). The pathological results confirmed our findings.

Conclusion: We were able to use ICG FI to distinguish thoracic sympathetic nerves during NIR thoracoscopic surgery. The technique may replace the rib-oriented method as standard practice for mapping the thoracic sympathetic nerves.

Keywords: near-infrared, intraoperative fluorescence imaging, thoracoscopic surgery, sympathetic nerves, indocyanine green.


Citation styles

APA
He, K., Zhou, J., Yang, F., Chi, C., Li, H., Mao, Y., Hui, B., Wang, K., Tian, J., Wang, J. (2018). Near-infrared Intraoperative Imaging of Thoracic Sympathetic Nerves: From Preclinical Study to Clinical Trial. Theranostics, 8(2), 304-313. https://doi.org/10.7150/thno.22369.

ACS
He, K.; Zhou, J.; Yang, F.; Chi, C.; Li, H.; Mao, Y.; Hui, B.; Wang, K.; Tian, J.; Wang, J. Near-infrared Intraoperative Imaging of Thoracic Sympathetic Nerves: From Preclinical Study to Clinical Trial. Theranostics 2018, 8 (2), 304-313. DOI: 10.7150/thno.22369.

NLM
He K, Zhou J, Yang F, Chi C, Li H, Mao Y, Hui B, Wang K, Tian J, Wang J. Near-infrared Intraoperative Imaging of Thoracic Sympathetic Nerves: From Preclinical Study to Clinical Trial. Theranostics 2018; 8(2):304-313. doi:10.7150/thno.22369. https://www.thno.org/v08p0304.htm

CSE
He K, Zhou J, Yang F, Chi C, Li H, Mao Y, Hui B, Wang K, Tian J, Wang J. 2018. Near-infrared Intraoperative Imaging of Thoracic Sympathetic Nerves: From Preclinical Study to Clinical Trial. Theranostics. 8(2):304-313.

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