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Theranostics 2013; 3(5):331-345. doi:10.7150/thno.5305 This issue Cite

Review

Sensing Using Rare-Earth-Doped Upconversion Nanoparticles

Shuwei Hao1, Guanying Chen1,2✉, Chunhui Yang1✉

1. School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, 150001 Harbin, People's Republic of China.
2. Institute for Lasers, Photonics and Biophotonics, Department of Chemistry, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, New York, 14260, USA.

✉ Corresponding author: guanyingedu, yangchhedu.cn.

Citation:
Hao S, Chen G, Yang C. Sensing Using Rare-Earth-Doped Upconversion Nanoparticles. Theranostics 2013; 3(5):331-345. doi:10.7150/thno.5305. https://www.thno.org/v03p0331.htm
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Abstract

Optical sensing plays an important role in theranostics due to its capability to detect hint biochemical entities or molecular targets as well as to precisely monitor specific fundamental psychological processes. Rare-earth (RE) doped upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs) are promising for these endeavors due to their unique frequency converting capability; they emit efficient and sharp visible or ultraviolet (UV) luminescence via use of ladder-like energy levels of RE ions when excited at near infrared (NIR) light that are silent to tissues. These features allow not only a high penetration depth in biological tissues but also a high detection sensitivity. Indeed, the energy transfer between UCNPs and biomolecular or chemical indicators provide opportunities for high-sensitive bio- and chemical-sensing. A temperature-sensitive change of the intensity ratio between two close UC bands promises them for use in temperature mapping of a single living cell. In this work, we review recent investigations on using UCNPs for the detection of biomolecules (avidin, ATP, etc.), ions (cyanide, mecury, etc.), small gas molecules (oxygen, carbon dioxide, ammonia, etc.), as well as for in vitro temperature sensing. We also briefly summarize chemical methods in synthesizing UCNPs of high efficiency that are important for the detection limit.

Keywords: Upconversion, Nanoparticles, Biosensing, Chemical Sensing, Temperature Sensing.

Citation styles

APA
Hao, S., Chen, G., Yang, C. (2013). Sensing Using Rare-Earth-Doped Upconversion Nanoparticles. Theranostics, 3(5), 331-345. https://doi.org/10.7150/thno.5305.

ACS
Hao, S.; Chen, G.; Yang, C. Sensing Using Rare-Earth-Doped Upconversion Nanoparticles. Theranostics 2013, 3 (5), 331-345. DOI: 10.7150/thno.5305.

NLM
Hao S, Chen G, Yang C. Sensing Using Rare-Earth-Doped Upconversion Nanoparticles. Theranostics 2013; 3(5):331-345. doi:10.7150/thno.5305. https://www.thno.org/v03p0331.htm

CSE
Hao S, Chen G, Yang C. 2013. Sensing Using Rare-Earth-Doped Upconversion Nanoparticles. Theranostics. 3(5):331-345.

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