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Theranostics 2024; 14(5):2099-2126. doi:10.7150/thno.93088 This issue Cite

Review

Engineered exosomes and composite biomaterials for tissue regeneration

Weikang Hu^1,2,*, Wang Wang^1,*, Zesheng Chen², Yun Chen^3,✉, Zijian Wang^1,2,3,✉

1. Department of Urology, Cancer Precision Diagnosis and Treatment and Translational Medicine Hubei Engineering Research Center, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China.
2. Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of the Green Preparation and Application for Functional Materials, Hubei Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, China.
3. Department of Biomedical Engineering, Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Allergy and Immune Related Disease, TaiKang Medical School (School of Basic Medical Sciences), Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China.
*These authors contributed equally to this work.

✉ Corresponding authors: Department of Urology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China. E-mail address: Zijianwangedu.cn (Z. Wang); Department of Biomedical Engineering, TaiKang Medical School (School of Basic Medical Sciences), Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China. E-mail address: Yunchenedu.cn (Y. Chen). More

Abstract

Exosomes, which are small vesicles enclosed by a lipid bilayer and released by many cell types, are widely dispersed and have garnered increased attention in the field of regenerative medicine due to their ability to serve as indicators of diseases and agents with therapeutic potential. Exosomes play a crucial role in mediating intercellular communication through the transfer of many biomolecules, including proteins, lipids, RNA, and other molecular constituents, between cells. The targeted transport of proteins and nucleic acids to specific cells has the potential to enhance or impair specific biological functions. Exosomes have many applications, and they can be used alone or in combination with other therapeutic approaches. The examination of the unique attributes and many functions of these factors has emerged as a prominent field of study in the realm of biomedical research. This manuscript summarizes the origins and properties of exosomes, including their structural, biological, physical, and chemical aspects. This paper offers a complete examination of recent progress in tissue repair and regenerative medicine, emphasizing the possible implications of these methods in forthcoming tissue regeneration attempts.

Keywords: Exosomes, Tissue Engineering, Extracellular Vesicles, Stem Cell Therapy, Genetic Regulation

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