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Theranostics 2017; 7(11):2806-2821. doi:10.7150/thno.19081 This issue Cite

Research Paper

Non-invasive in vivo imaging of tumour-associated cathepsin B by a highly selective inhibitory DARPin

Lovro Kramer1, 2, Miha Renko1, Janja Završnik1, 2, Dušan Turk1, 3, Markus A. Seeger4, Olga Vasiljeva1, Markus G. Grütter5, Vito Turk1, Boris Turk1, 3✉

1. Jozef Stefan Institute, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular and Structural Biology, Ljubljana, Slovenia;
2. International Postgraduate School Jozef Stefan, Ljubljana, Slovenia;
3. Center of Excellence CIPKEBIP, Ljubljana, Slovenia;
4. Institute of Medical Microbiology, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland;
5. Department of Biochemistry, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland.

✉ Corresponding author: boris.turksi

Citation:
Kramer L, Renko M, Završnik J, Turk D, Seeger MA, Vasiljeva O, Grütter MG, Turk V, Turk B. Non-invasive in vivo imaging of tumour-associated cathepsin B by a highly selective inhibitory DARPin. Theranostics 2017; 7(11):2806-2821. doi:10.7150/thno.19081. https://www.thno.org/v07p2806.htm
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Abstract

Graphic abstract

Cysteine cathepsins often contribute to cancer progression due to their overexpression in the tumour microenvironment and therefore present attractive targets for non-invasive diagnostic imaging. However, the development of highly selective and versatile small molecule probes for cathepsins has been challenging. Here, we targeted tumour-associated cathepsin B using designed ankyrin repeat proteins (DARPins). The selective DARPin 8h6 inhibited cathepsin B with picomolar affinity (Ki = 35 pM) by binding to a site with low structural conservation in cathepsins, as revealed by the X-ray structure of the complex. DARPin 8h6 blocked cathepsin B activity in tumours ex vivo and was successfully applied in in vivo optical imaging in two mouse breast cancer models, in which cathepsin B was bound to the cell membrane or secreted to the extracellular milieu by tumour and stromal cells. Our approach validates cathepsin B as a promising diagnostic and theranostic target in cancer and other inflammation-associated diseases.

Keywords: protease, cathepsin B, designed ankyrin repeat protein (DARPin), non-invasive diagnostic imaging, tumour microenvironment.

Citation styles

APA
Kramer, L., Renko, M., Završnik, J., Turk, D., Seeger, M.A., Vasiljeva, O., Grütter, M.G., Turk, V., Turk, B. (2017). Non-invasive in vivo imaging of tumour-associated cathepsin B by a highly selective inhibitory DARPin. Theranostics, 7(11), 2806-2821. https://doi.org/10.7150/thno.19081.

ACS
Kramer, L.; Renko, M.; Završnik, J.; Turk, D.; Seeger, M.A.; Vasiljeva, O.; Grütter, M.G.; Turk, V.; Turk, B. Non-invasive in vivo imaging of tumour-associated cathepsin B by a highly selective inhibitory DARPin. Theranostics 2017, 7 (11), 2806-2821. DOI: 10.7150/thno.19081.

NLM
Kramer L, Renko M, Završnik J, Turk D, Seeger MA, Vasiljeva O, Grütter MG, Turk V, Turk B. Non-invasive in vivo imaging of tumour-associated cathepsin B by a highly selective inhibitory DARPin. Theranostics 2017; 7(11):2806-2821. doi:10.7150/thno.19081. https://www.thno.org/v07p2806.htm

CSE
Kramer L, Renko M, Završnik J, Turk D, Seeger MA, Vasiljeva O, Grütter MG, Turk V, Turk B. 2017. Non-invasive in vivo imaging of tumour-associated cathepsin B by a highly selective inhibitory DARPin. Theranostics. 7(11):2806-2821.

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