Theranostics 2023; 13(8):2562-2587. doi:10.7150/thno.81785 This issue Cite
Review
1. Department of Burns, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Jingxi Street, Baiyun District, Guangzhou, 510515, PR China
2. Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Translation of Medical 3D Printing Application, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Biomechanics, Department of Human Anatomy, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
3. Guangdong Medical Innovation Platform for Translation of 3D Printing Application, Southern Medical University, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
3D bioprinting is a revolutionary technology capable of replicating native tissue and organ microenvironments by precisely placing cells into 3D structures using bioinks. However, acquiring the ideal bioink to manufacture biomimetic constructs is challenging. A natural extracellular matrix (ECM) is an organ-specific material that provides physical, chemical, biological, and mechanical cues that are hard to mimic using a small number of components. Organ-derived decellularized ECM (dECM) bioink is revolutionary and has optimal biomimetic properties. However, dECM is always "non-printable" owing to its poor mechanical properties. Recent studies have focused on strategies to improve the 3D printability of dECM bioink. In this review, we highlight the decellularization methods and procedures used to produce these bioinks, effective methods to improve their printability, and recent advances in tissue regeneration using dECM-based bioinks. Finally, we discuss the challenges associated with manufacturing dECM bioinks and their potential large-scale applications.
Keywords: 3D bioprinting, bioink, microenvironment, tissue regeneration, decellularized extracellular matrix