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Theranostics 2018; 8(22):6088-6100. doi:10.7150/thno.30357 This issue Cite

Review

The theranostic promise for Neuroendocrine Tumors in the late 2010s - Where do we stand, where do we go?

Rudolf A. Werner1,2,3, Alexander Weich3,4, Malte Kircher2,3, Lilja B. Solnes1, Mehrbod S. Javadi1, Takahiro Higuchi2,5, Andreas K. Buck2,3, Martin G. Pomper1,6, Steven P. Rowe1,6*, Constantin Lapa2,3✉*

1. The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
2. Department of Nuclear Medicine/Comprehensive Heart Failure Center, University Hospital Würzburg, Germany
3. European Neuroendocrine Tumor Society (ENETS) Center of Excellence (CoE), NET Zentrum, University Hospital Würzburg, Germany
4. Department of Internal Medicine II, Gastroenterology, University Hospital Würzburg, Germany
5. Department of Bio Medical Imaging, National Cardiovascular and Cerebral Research Center, Suita, Japan
6. James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute and Department of Urology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
* Equal Contributors

✉ Corresponding author: Constantin Lapa, MD. Department of Nuclear Medicine, University of Würzburg, Oberdürrbacher Strasse 6, 97080 Würzburg, Germany. E-mail: lapa_cde, fax: +49 931 201 6 444 00, phone: +49 931 201 35412

Citation:
Werner RA, Weich A, Kircher M, Solnes LB, Javadi MS, Higuchi T, Buck AK, Pomper MG, Rowe SP, Lapa C. The theranostic promise for Neuroendocrine Tumors in the late 2010s - Where do we stand, where do we go?. Theranostics 2018; 8(22):6088-6100. doi:10.7150/thno.30357. https://www.thno.org/v08p6088.htm
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Abstract

Graphic abstract

More than 25 years after the first peptide receptor radionuclide therapy (PRRT), the concept of somatostatin receptor (SSTR)-directed imaging and therapy for neuroendocrine tumors (NET) is seeing rapidly increasing use. To maximize the full potential of its theranostic promise, efforts in recent years have expanded recommendations in current guidelines and included the evaluation of novel theranostic radiotracers for imaging and treatment of NET. Moreover, the introduction of standardized reporting framework systems may harmonize PET reading, address pitfalls in interpreting SSTR-PET/CT scans and guide the treating physician in selecting PRRT candidates. Notably, the concept of PRRT has also been applied beyond oncology, e.g. for treatment of inflammatory conditions like sarcoidosis. Future perspectives may include the efficacy evaluation of PRRT compared to other common treatment options for NET, novel strategies for closer monitoring of potential side effects, the introduction of novel radiotracers with beneficial pharmacodynamic and kinetic properties or the use of supervised machine learning approaches for outcome prediction. This article reviews how the SSTR-directed theranostic concept is currently applied and also reflects on recent developments that hold promise for the future of theranostics in this context.

Keywords: theranostics, neuroendocrine tumor, peptide receptor radionuclide therapy, PRRT, somatostatin receptor

Citation styles

APA
Werner, R.A., Weich, A., Kircher, M., Solnes, L.B., Javadi, M.S., Higuchi, T., Buck, A.K., Pomper, M.G., Rowe, S.P., Lapa, C. (2018). The theranostic promise for Neuroendocrine Tumors in the late 2010s - Where do we stand, where do we go?. Theranostics, 8(22), 6088-6100. https://doi.org/10.7150/thno.30357.

ACS
Werner, R.A.; Weich, A.; Kircher, M.; Solnes, L.B.; Javadi, M.S.; Higuchi, T.; Buck, A.K.; Pomper, M.G.; Rowe, S.P.; Lapa, C. The theranostic promise for Neuroendocrine Tumors in the late 2010s - Where do we stand, where do we go?. Theranostics 2018, 8 (22), 6088-6100. DOI: 10.7150/thno.30357.

NLM
Werner RA, Weich A, Kircher M, Solnes LB, Javadi MS, Higuchi T, Buck AK, Pomper MG, Rowe SP, Lapa C. The theranostic promise for Neuroendocrine Tumors in the late 2010s - Where do we stand, where do we go?. Theranostics 2018; 8(22):6088-6100. doi:10.7150/thno.30357. https://www.thno.org/v08p6088.htm

CSE
Werner RA, Weich A, Kircher M, Solnes LB, Javadi MS, Higuchi T, Buck AK, Pomper MG, Rowe SP, Lapa C. 2018. The theranostic promise for Neuroendocrine Tumors in the late 2010s - Where do we stand, where do we go?. Theranostics. 8(22):6088-6100.

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