Theranostics 2020; 10(7):3064-3082. doi:10.7150/thno.42702 This issue Cite

Research Paper

An EPR Strategy for Bio-responsive Fluorescence Guided Surgery with Simulation of the Benefit for Imaging

Harrison C. Daly1, Emer Conroy2, Mihai Todor1, Dan Wu1, William M. Gallagher2, Donal F. O'Shea1✉

1. Department of Chemistry, RCSI, 123 St. Stephen's Green, Dublin 2, Ireland.
2. School of Biomolecular and Biomedical Science, Conway Institute, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland.

Citation:
Daly HC, Conroy E, Todor M, Wu D, Gallagher WM, O'Shea DF. An EPR Strategy for Bio-responsive Fluorescence Guided Surgery with Simulation of the Benefit for Imaging. Theranostics 2020; 10(7):3064-3082. doi:10.7150/thno.42702. https://www.thno.org/v10p3064.htm
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Abstract

Graphic abstract

A successful matching of a PEG group size with the EPR effect for an off-to-on responsive NIR-fluorophore conjugate has been accomplished which allows two distinct in vivo tumor imaging periods, the first being the switch on during the initial tumor uptake via enhanced permeability into the ROI (as background is suppressed) and a second, later, due to enhanced retention within the tumor.

Methods: Software simulation (https://mihaitodor.github.io/particle_simulation/index.html), synthetic chemistry, with in vitro and in vivo imaging have been synergistically employed to identify an optimal PEG conjugate of a bio-responsive NIR-AZA fluorophore for in vivo tumor imaging.

Results: A bio-responsive NIR-AZA fluorophore conjugated to a 10 kDa PEG group has shown excellent in vivo imaging performance with sustained high tumor to background ratios and peak tumor emission within 24 h. Analysis of fluorescence profiles over 7 days has provided evidence for the EPR effect playing a positive role.

Conclusion: Preclinical results show that exploiting the EPR effect by utilizing an optimized PEG substituent on a bio-responsive fluorophore may offer a means for intraoperative tumor margin delineation. The off-to-on responsive nature of the fluorophore makes tumor imaging achievable without waiting for clearance from normal tissue.

Keywords: NIR-AZA fluorophore, bio-responsive fluorescence, EPR effect, fluorescence-guided surgery, simulation software


Citation styles

APA
Daly, H.C., Conroy, E., Todor, M., Wu, D., Gallagher, W.M., O'Shea, D.F. (2020). An EPR Strategy for Bio-responsive Fluorescence Guided Surgery with Simulation of the Benefit for Imaging. Theranostics, 10(7), 3064-3082. https://doi.org/10.7150/thno.42702.

ACS
Daly, H.C.; Conroy, E.; Todor, M.; Wu, D.; Gallagher, W.M.; O'Shea, D.F. An EPR Strategy for Bio-responsive Fluorescence Guided Surgery with Simulation of the Benefit for Imaging. Theranostics 2020, 10 (7), 3064-3082. DOI: 10.7150/thno.42702.

NLM
Daly HC, Conroy E, Todor M, Wu D, Gallagher WM, O'Shea DF. An EPR Strategy for Bio-responsive Fluorescence Guided Surgery with Simulation of the Benefit for Imaging. Theranostics 2020; 10(7):3064-3082. doi:10.7150/thno.42702. https://www.thno.org/v10p3064.htm

CSE
Daly HC, Conroy E, Todor M, Wu D, Gallagher WM, O'Shea DF. 2020. An EPR Strategy for Bio-responsive Fluorescence Guided Surgery with Simulation of the Benefit for Imaging. Theranostics. 10(7):3064-3082.

This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). See http://ivyspring.com/terms for full terms and conditions.
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