Theranostics 2021; 11(6):2770-2787. doi:10.7150/thno.51756 This issue Cite

Research Paper

Neutrophil-derived trail is a proinflammatory subtype of neutrophil-derived extracellular vesicles

Young-Jin Youn1#, Sanjeeb Shrestha1#, Yu-Bin Lee1#, Jun-Kyu Kim1, Jee Hyun Lee2, Keun Hur2, Nanda Maya Mali3, Sung-Wook Nam4, Sun-Hwa Kim1, Sunwoong Lee4, Dong-Keun Song5, Hee Kyung Jin6,7, Jae-sung Bae1,7, Chang-Won Hong1✉

1. Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41944, Republic of Korea.
2. Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41944, Republic of Korea.
3. Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41944, Republic of Korea.
4. Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41944, Republic of Korea.
5. Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon, 24252, Republic of Korea.
6. Department of Laboratory Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41944, Republic of Korea.
7. Stem Cell Neuroplasticity Research Group, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41944, Republic of Korea.
#These authors contributed equally to this work.

Citation:
Youn YJ, Shrestha S, Lee YB, Kim JK, Lee JH, Hur K, Mali NM, Nam SW, Kim SH, Lee S, Song DK, Jin HK, Bae Js, Hong CW. Neutrophil-derived trail is a proinflammatory subtype of neutrophil-derived extracellular vesicles. Theranostics 2021; 11(6):2770-2787. doi:10.7150/thno.51756. https://www.thno.org/v11p2770.htm
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Abstract

Graphic abstract

Aims: Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are membrane-derived vesicles that mediate intercellular communications. Neutrophils produce different subtypes of EVs during inflammatory responses. Neutrophil-derived trails (NDTRs) are generated by neutrophils migrating toward inflammatory foci, whereas neutrophil-derived microvesicles (NDMVs) are thought to be generated by neutrophils that have arrived at the inflammatory foci. However, the physical and functional characteristics of neutrophil-derived EVs are incompletely understood. In this study, we aimed to investigate the differences between NDTRs and NDMVs.

Methods: The generation of neutrophil-derived EVs were visualized by live-cell fluorescence images and the physical characteristics were further analyzed using nanotracking analysis assay, scanning electron microscopic analysis, and marker expressions. Functional characteristics of neutrophil-derived EVs were analyzed using assays for bactericidal activity, monocyte chemotaxis, phenotype polarization of macrophages, and miRNA sequencing. Finally, the effects of neutrophil-derived EVs on the acute and chronic inflammation were examined in vivo.

Results: Both EVs share similar characteristics including stimulators, surface marker expression, bactericidal activity, and chemoattractive effect on monocytes via MCP-1. However, the integrin-mediated physical interaction was required for generation of NDTRs whereas NDMV generation was dependent on PI3K pathway. Interestingly, NDTRs contained proinflammatory miRNAs such as miR-1260, miR-1285, miR-4454, and miR-7975, while NDMVs contained anti-inflammatory miRNAs such as miR-126, miR-150, and miR-451a. Although both EVs were easily uptaken by monocytes, NDTRs enhanced proinflammatory macrophage polarization whereas NDMVs induced anti-inflammatory macrophage polarization. Moreover, NDTRs showed protective effects against lethality in a murine sepsis model and pathological changes in a murine chronic colitis model.

Conclusion: These results suggest that NDTR is a proinflammatory subtype of neutrophil-derived EVs distinguished from NDMV.

Keywords: EV, extracellular vesicle, NDMV, neutrophil-derived microvesicle, NDTR, neutrophil-derived trail


Citation styles

APA
Youn, Y.J., Shrestha, S., Lee, Y.B., Kim, J.K., Lee, J.H., Hur, K., Mali, N.M., Nam, S.W., Kim, S.H., Lee, S., Song, D.K., Jin, H.K., Bae, J.s., Hong, C.W. (2021). Neutrophil-derived trail is a proinflammatory subtype of neutrophil-derived extracellular vesicles. Theranostics, 11(6), 2770-2787. https://doi.org/10.7150/thno.51756.

ACS
Youn, Y.J.; Shrestha, S.; Lee, Y.B.; Kim, J.K.; Lee, J.H.; Hur, K.; Mali, N.M.; Nam, S.W.; Kim, S.H.; Lee, S.; Song, D.K.; Jin, H.K.; Bae, J.s.; Hong, C.W. Neutrophil-derived trail is a proinflammatory subtype of neutrophil-derived extracellular vesicles. Theranostics 2021, 11 (6), 2770-2787. DOI: 10.7150/thno.51756.

NLM
Youn YJ, Shrestha S, Lee YB, Kim JK, Lee JH, Hur K, Mali NM, Nam SW, Kim SH, Lee S, Song DK, Jin HK, Bae Js, Hong CW. Neutrophil-derived trail is a proinflammatory subtype of neutrophil-derived extracellular vesicles. Theranostics 2021; 11(6):2770-2787. doi:10.7150/thno.51756. https://www.thno.org/v11p2770.htm

CSE
Youn YJ, Shrestha S, Lee YB, Kim JK, Lee JH, Hur K, Mali NM, Nam SW, Kim SH, Lee S, Song DK, Jin HK, Bae Js, Hong CW. 2021. Neutrophil-derived trail is a proinflammatory subtype of neutrophil-derived extracellular vesicles. Theranostics. 11(6):2770-2787.

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