Theranostics 2021; 11(2):665-683. doi:10.7150/thno.41692 This issue Cite

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Glioma stem cells and their roles within the hypoxic tumor microenvironment

Nathaniel H. Boyd1, Anh Nhat Tran2, Joshua D. Bernstock3, Tina Etminan4, Amber B. Jones1, G. Yancey Gillespie5, Gregory K. Friedman6, Anita B. Hjelmeland1,5✉

1. Department of Cell, Developmental, and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL.
2. Department of Neurosurgery, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL.
3. Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
4. Department of Chemistry, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL.
5. Department of Neurosurgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL.
6. Division of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL.

Citation:
Boyd NH, Tran AN, Bernstock JD, Etminan T, Jones AB, Gillespie GY, Friedman GK, Hjelmeland AB. Glioma stem cells and their roles within the hypoxic tumor microenvironment. Theranostics 2021; 11(2):665-683. doi:10.7150/thno.41692. https://www.thno.org/v11p0665.htm
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Abstract

Graphic abstract

Tumor microenvironments are the result of cellular alterations in cancer that support unrestricted growth and proliferation and result in further modifications in cell behavior, which are critical for tumor progression. Angiogenesis and therapeutic resistance are known to be modulated by hypoxia and other tumor microenvironments, such as acidic stress, both of which are core features of the glioblastoma microenvironment. Hypoxia has also been shown to promote a stem-like state in both non-neoplastic and tumor cells. In glial tumors, glioma stem cells (GSCs) are central in tumor growth, angiogenesis, and therapeutic resistance, and further investigation of the interplay between tumor microenvironments and GSCs is critical to the search for better treatment options for glioblastoma. Accordingly, we summarize the impact of hypoxia and acidic stress on GSC signaling and biologic phenotypes, and potential methods to inhibit these pathways.

Keywords: acidic stress, glioma, hypoxia, cancer stem cells, tumor microenvironment


Citation styles

APA
Boyd, N.H., Tran, A.N., Bernstock, J.D., Etminan, T., Jones, A.B., Gillespie, G.Y., Friedman, G.K., Hjelmeland, A.B. (2021). Glioma stem cells and their roles within the hypoxic tumor microenvironment. Theranostics, 11(2), 665-683. https://doi.org/10.7150/thno.41692.

ACS
Boyd, N.H.; Tran, A.N.; Bernstock, J.D.; Etminan, T.; Jones, A.B.; Gillespie, G.Y.; Friedman, G.K.; Hjelmeland, A.B. Glioma stem cells and their roles within the hypoxic tumor microenvironment. Theranostics 2021, 11 (2), 665-683. DOI: 10.7150/thno.41692.

NLM
Boyd NH, Tran AN, Bernstock JD, Etminan T, Jones AB, Gillespie GY, Friedman GK, Hjelmeland AB. Glioma stem cells and their roles within the hypoxic tumor microenvironment. Theranostics 2021; 11(2):665-683. doi:10.7150/thno.41692. https://www.thno.org/v11p0665.htm

CSE
Boyd NH, Tran AN, Bernstock JD, Etminan T, Jones AB, Gillespie GY, Friedman GK, Hjelmeland AB. 2021. Glioma stem cells and their roles within the hypoxic tumor microenvironment. Theranostics. 11(2):665-683.

This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). See http://ivyspring.com/terms for full terms and conditions.
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