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Theranostics 2021; 11(9):4436-4451. doi:10.7150/thno.54004 This issue Cite

Review

Exosome-inflammasome crosstalk and their roles in inflammatory responses

Chadanat Noonin, Visith Thongboonkerd^✉

Medical Proteomics Unit, Office for Research and Development, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10700, Thailand.

✉ Corresponding author: Prof. Visith Thongboonkerd, Head of Medical Proteomics Unit, Office for Research and Development, Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, 6th Floor-SiMR Building, 2 Wanglang Road, Bangkoknoi, Bangkok 10700, Thailand. Phone: +66-2-4192850, E-mail: thongboonkerdcom; vthongbocom. More

Abstract

Inflammasome is a complex of multiple proteins found in cytoplasm of the cells activated by infectious and/or non-infectious stimuli. This complex involves caspase-1 activation, leading to unconventional secretion of interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and IL-18 and inflammatory cascade. Exosome is the nanoscale membrane-bound extracellular vesicle that plays significant roles in intercellular communications by carrying bioactive molecules, e.g., proteins, RNAs, microRNAs (miRNAs), DNAs, from one cell to the others. In this review, we provide the update information on the crosstalk between exosome and inflammasome and their roles in inflammatory responses. The effects of inflammasome activation on exosomal secretion are summarized. On the other hand, the (dual) effects of exosomes on inhibiting and promoting inflammasome activation are discussed. Finally, perspectives on therapeutic roles of exosomes in human diseases and future direction of the research on exosome-inflammasome crosstalk are provided.

Keywords: caspase-1, IL-1β, IL-18, inflammatory disease, miRNAs, NLRP1, proteins, therapeutics

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