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Theranostics 2022; 12(3):1440-1458. doi:10.7150/thno.58780 This issue Cite

Research Paper

Downregulation of low-density lipoprotein receptor mRNA in lymphatic endothelial cells impairs lymphatic function through changes in intracellular lipids

Laurent Vachon1,2*, Ali Smaani1,2*, Nolwenn Tessier1,2*, Gabriel Jean1,2, Annie Demers2, Andreea Milasan1,2, Nadine Ardo2,5, Stéphanie Jarry1,2, Louis Villeneuve2, Azadeh Alikashani2, Vincent Finherty2, Matthieu Ruiz3,4, Mary G. Sorci-Thomas5, Gaétan Mayer2,6, Catherine Martel1,2✉

1. Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
2. Montreal Heart Institute, Research Center, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
3. Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
4. Montreal Heart Institute, Metabolomics platform, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
5. Department of Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA.
6. Faculty of Pharmacy, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada.
*Co-first authors.

✉ Corresponding author: Catherine Martel, PhD, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal Heart Institute, 5000, Belanger street, Room S5100, Montreal, Quebec (Canada), H1T 1C8; Phone: (514) 376-3330 #2977; E-mail: catherine.marte More

Citation:
Vachon L, Smaani A, Tessier N, Jean G, Demers A, Milasan A, Ardo N, Jarry S, Villeneuve L, Alikashani A, Finherty V, Ruiz M, Sorci-Thomas MG, Mayer G, Martel C. Downregulation of low-density lipoprotein receptor mRNA in lymphatic endothelial cells impairs lymphatic function through changes in intracellular lipids. Theranostics 2022; 12(3):1440-1458. doi:10.7150/thno.58780. https://www.thno.org/v12p1440.htm
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Abstract

Graphic abstract

Rationale: Impairment in lymphatic transport is associated with the onset and progression of atherosclerosis in animal models. The downregulation of low-density-lipoprotein receptor (LDLR) expression, rather than increased circulating cholesterol level per se, is involved in early atherosclerosis-related lymphatic dysfunction. Enhancing lymphatic function in Ldlr-/- mice with a mutant form of VEGF-C (VEGF-C 152s), a selective VEGFR-3 agonist, successfully delayed atherosclerotic plaque onset when mice were subsequently fed a high-fat diet. However, the specific mechanisms by which LDLR protects against lymphatic function impairment is unknown.

Methods and results: We have thus injected wild-type and Pcsk9-/- mice with an adeno-associated virus type 1 expressing a shRNA for silencing Ldlr in vivo. We herein report that lymphatic contractility is reduced upon Ldlr dowregulation in wild-type mice only. Our in vitro experiments reveal that a decrease in LDLR expression at the mRNA level reduces the chromosome duplication phase and the protein expression of VEGFR-3, a membrane-bound key lymphatic marker. Furthermore, it also significantly reduced the levels of 18 lipid subclasses, including key constituents of lipid rafts as well as the transcription of several genes involved in cholesterol biosynthesis and cellular and metabolic processes. Exogenous PCSK9 only reduces lymphatic endothelial-LDLR at the protein level and does not affect lymphatic endothelial cell integrity. This puts forward that PCSK9 may act upon lymphatic muscle cells to mediate its effect on lymphatic contraction capacity in vivo.

Conclusion: Our results suggest that treatments that specifically palliate the down regulation of LDLR mRNA in lymphatic endothelial cells preserve the integrity of the lymphatic endothelium and sustain lymphatic function, a prerequisite player in atherosclerosis.

Keywords: Atherosclerosis, Lymphatic System, Lymphatic dysfunction, LDLR, PCSK9

Citation styles

APA
Vachon, L., Smaani, A., Tessier, N., Jean, G., Demers, A., Milasan, A., Ardo, N., Jarry, S., Villeneuve, L., Alikashani, A., Finherty, V., Ruiz, M., Sorci-Thomas, M.G., Mayer, G., Martel, C. (2022). Downregulation of low-density lipoprotein receptor mRNA in lymphatic endothelial cells impairs lymphatic function through changes in intracellular lipids. Theranostics, 12(3), 1440-1458. https://doi.org/10.7150/thno.58780.

ACS
Vachon, L.; Smaani, A.; Tessier, N.; Jean, G.; Demers, A.; Milasan, A.; Ardo, N.; Jarry, S.; Villeneuve, L.; Alikashani, A.; Finherty, V.; Ruiz, M.; Sorci-Thomas, M.G.; Mayer, G.; Martel, C. Downregulation of low-density lipoprotein receptor mRNA in lymphatic endothelial cells impairs lymphatic function through changes in intracellular lipids. Theranostics 2022, 12 (3), 1440-1458. DOI: 10.7150/thno.58780.

NLM
Vachon L, Smaani A, Tessier N, Jean G, Demers A, Milasan A, Ardo N, Jarry S, Villeneuve L, Alikashani A, Finherty V, Ruiz M, Sorci-Thomas MG, Mayer G, Martel C. Downregulation of low-density lipoprotein receptor mRNA in lymphatic endothelial cells impairs lymphatic function through changes in intracellular lipids. Theranostics 2022; 12(3):1440-1458. doi:10.7150/thno.58780. https://www.thno.org/v12p1440.htm

CSE
Vachon L, Smaani A, Tessier N, Jean G, Demers A, Milasan A, Ardo N, Jarry S, Villeneuve L, Alikashani A, Finherty V, Ruiz M, Sorci-Thomas MG, Mayer G, Martel C. 2022. Downregulation of low-density lipoprotein receptor mRNA in lymphatic endothelial cells impairs lymphatic function through changes in intracellular lipids. Theranostics. 12(3):1440-1458.

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