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Theranostics 2023; 13(10):3310-3329. doi:10.7150/thno.82590 This issue Cite

Research Paper

SPI1-mediated MIR222HG transcription promotes proneural-to-mesenchymal transition of glioma stem cells and immunosuppressive polarization of macrophages

Yang Fan1,2#, Zijie Gao1,2#, Jianye Xu1,2,3#, Huizhi Wang1,2, Qindong Guo1,2, Boyan Li1,2, Ming Li2,4, Hao Xu2,5, Yanhua Qi1,2, Shulin Zhao1,2, Wei Qiu1,2, Ziwen Pan1,2, Qingtong Wang1,2, Hao Xue1,2, Rongrong Zhao1,2, Xing Guo1,2✉, Gang Li1,2✉

1. Department of Neurosurgery, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine and Institute of Brain and Brain-Inspired Science, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, Shandong, China.
2. Shandong Key Laboratory of Brain Function Remodeling, Jinan 250012, Shandong, China.
3. Tianjin Neurological Institute, Key Laboratory of Post-Neuroinjury Neuro-repair and Regeneration in Central Nervous System, Ministry of Education and Tianjin City, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, China.
4. Department of Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Taian City Central Hospital of Qingdao University, Taian 271000, Shandong, China.
5. Department of Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital of Qingdao University, Yantai 264000, Shandong, China.
#These authors contributed equally: Yang Fan, Zijie Gao, Jianye Xu

✉ Corresponding authors: Gang Li, e-mail: dr.ligangedu.cn. Xing Guo, e-mail: gxingqlhospitaledu.cn.

Citation:
Fan Y, Gao Z, Xu J, Wang H, Guo Q, Li B, Li M, Xu H, Qi Y, Zhao S, Qiu W, Pan Z, Wang Q, Xue H, Zhao R, Guo X, Li G. SPI1-mediated MIR222HG transcription promotes proneural-to-mesenchymal transition of glioma stem cells and immunosuppressive polarization of macrophages. Theranostics 2023; 13(10):3310-3329. doi:10.7150/thno.82590. https://www.thno.org/v13p3310.htm
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Abstract

Graphic abstract

Background: Glioma stem cells (GSCs) are a key factor in glioblastoma (GBM) development and treatment resistance. GSCs can be divided into the mesenchymal (MES) and proneural (PN) subtypes, and these two subtypes of GSCs can undergo interconversion under certain conditions. MES GSCs have higher malignancy and radioresistance and are closely associated with an immunosuppressive microenvironment. Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) play a broad role in GBM, while the role of GSCs subtype remains unknown.

Methods: We performed RNA sequencing to explore the lncRNA expression profile in MES- and PN-subtype GBM tissues. The biological function of a host gene—MIR222HG—in GBM development was confirmed in vitro and in vivo. Specifically, RNA sequencing, RNA pulldown, mass spectrometry, RIP, ChIP, luciferase reporter assays and Co-IP were performed.

Results: MIR222HG, the expression of which can be induced by SPI1, has high levels in MES GBM tissues. Functionally, we demonstrated that MIR222HG promotes the MES transition and radioresistance in GSCs in vivo and in vitro. Mechanistically, MIR222HG can bind to the YWHAE/HDAC5 complex to promote the MES transition of GSCs through H4 deacetylation. Moreover, cotranscribed miR221 and miR222 can be delivered to macrophages via exosomes to target SOCS3, causing immunosuppressive polarization. Finally, PLX-4720 sensitivity is associated with SPI1 expression and acts on MES GSCs to enhance radiosensitivity.

Conclusions: This study demonstrates that targeting SPI1 to block transcription of the MIR222HG cluster helps to reduce radioresistance and combat the immunosuppressive microenvironment in GBM. PLX-4720 is a potential GBM drug and radiosensitizer.

Keywords: Glioma stem cell, HDAC, Mesenchymal transition, Radiation, Immunosuppressive

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APA
Fan, Y., Gao, Z., Xu, J., Wang, H., Guo, Q., Li, B., Li, M., Xu, H., Qi, Y., Zhao, S., Qiu, W., Pan, Z., Wang, Q., Xue, H., Zhao, R., Guo, X., Li, G. (2023). SPI1-mediated MIR222HG transcription promotes proneural-to-mesenchymal transition of glioma stem cells and immunosuppressive polarization of macrophages. Theranostics, 13(10), 3310-3329. https://doi.org/10.7150/thno.82590.

ACS
Fan, Y.; Gao, Z.; Xu, J.; Wang, H.; Guo, Q.; Li, B.; Li, M.; Xu, H.; Qi, Y.; Zhao, S.; Qiu, W.; Pan, Z.; Wang, Q.; Xue, H.; Zhao, R.; Guo, X.; Li, G. SPI1-mediated MIR222HG transcription promotes proneural-to-mesenchymal transition of glioma stem cells and immunosuppressive polarization of macrophages. Theranostics 2023, 13 (10), 3310-3329. DOI: 10.7150/thno.82590.

NLM
Fan Y, Gao Z, Xu J, Wang H, Guo Q, Li B, Li M, Xu H, Qi Y, Zhao S, Qiu W, Pan Z, Wang Q, Xue H, Zhao R, Guo X, Li G. SPI1-mediated MIR222HG transcription promotes proneural-to-mesenchymal transition of glioma stem cells and immunosuppressive polarization of macrophages. Theranostics 2023; 13(10):3310-3329. doi:10.7150/thno.82590. https://www.thno.org/v13p3310.htm

CSE
Fan Y, Gao Z, Xu J, Wang H, Guo Q, Li B, Li M, Xu H, Qi Y, Zhao S, Qiu W, Pan Z, Wang Q, Xue H, Zhao R, Guo X, Li G. 2023. SPI1-mediated MIR222HG transcription promotes proneural-to-mesenchymal transition of glioma stem cells and immunosuppressive polarization of macrophages. Theranostics. 13(10):3310-3329.

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