Theranostics 2012; 2(10):999-1009. doi:10.7150/thno.5276 This issue Cite

Research Paper

Evaluation of an [18F]AlF-NOTA Analog of Exendin-4 for Imaging of GLP-1 Receptor in Insulinoma

Dale O. Kiesewetter1*, Ning Guo1, 2*, Jinxia Guo1, 2, Haokao Gao1,3, Lei Zhu1,4, Ying Ma1, Gang Niu1✉, Xiaoyuan Chen1✉

1. Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
2. Department of Biomedical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China 430074
3. Department of Cardiology, Xijing Hospital, the Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China 710032
4. Center for Molecular Imaging and Translational Medicine, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China 361005
* co-first authors

Citation:
Kiesewetter DO, Guo N, Guo J, Gao H, Zhu L, Ma Y, Niu G, Chen X. Evaluation of an [18F]AlF-NOTA Analog of Exendin-4 for Imaging of GLP-1 Receptor in Insulinoma. Theranostics 2012; 2(10):999-1009. doi:10.7150/thno.5276. https://www.thno.org/v02p0999.htm
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Abstract

Introduction: The GLP-1 receptor plays an important role in glucose homeostasis and thus is a very important target for diabetes therapy. The receptor is also overexpressed in insulinoma, a tumor of pancreatic beta-cells. We previously evaluated two fluorine-18-labeled analogs of exendin-4 prepared by conjugation with [18F]FBEM (N-[2-(4-[18F]fluorobenzamide)ethyl]maleimide). Both compounds demonstrated good tumor uptake, but the synthesis of the radiotracers was time consuming. To overcome this challenge, we developed a NOTA analog and performed radiolabeling using aluminum [18F]fluoride complexation.

Methods: Cys40-exendin-4 was conjugated with NOTA mono N-ethylmaleimide. [18F]AlF conjugation was conducted and the radiolabeled product purified by preparative HPLC. Dynamic and static PET imaging scans were conducted on nude mice with established INS-1 xenografts. Uptake of tumor and other major organs in static images was quantitated (%ID/g) and comparison with blocking studies was made. PET quantification was also compared with ex vivo biodistribution results.

Results: The radiosynthesis provided [18F]AlF-NOTA-MAL-cys40-exendin-4 in 23.6 ± 2.4 % radiochemical yield (uncorrected, n = 3) after HPLC; the process required about 55 min. The specific activity at time of injection ranged from 19.6 to 31.4 GBq (0.53-0.85 Ci)/µmol. Tumor uptake had reached its maximum (16.09 ± 1.18% ID/g, n = 4) by 5 min and remained nearly constant for the duration of the study. Kidney uptake continued to increase throughout the entire one hour time course. Pre-injection of exendin-4 caused a marked reduction in tissue uptake with the major exception of liver and kidneys, in which uptake was not affected. HPLC analysis of the radioactive components in extracts of the tumor and plasma showed primarily parent compound at 60 min post-injection, whereas extracts of kidney and urine contained exclusively one polar radioactive component.

Conclusion: The radiotracer is prepared in a simple one-step procedure and obtained in high specific activity after HPLC purification. [18F]AlF-NOTA-MAL-exendin-4 shows high tumor uptake and highly selective GLP-1 tissue uptake (INS-1 tumor, lung, pancreas), but still suffers from high kidney uptake.

Keywords: [18F]fluoride, insulinoma, exendin-4, PET


Citation styles

APA
Kiesewetter, D.O., Guo, N., Guo, J., Gao, H., Zhu, L., Ma, Y., Niu, G., Chen, X. (2012). Evaluation of an [18F]AlF-NOTA Analog of Exendin-4 for Imaging of GLP-1 Receptor in Insulinoma. Theranostics, 2(10), 999-1009. https://doi.org/10.7150/thno.5276.

ACS
Kiesewetter, D.O.; Guo, N.; Guo, J.; Gao, H.; Zhu, L.; Ma, Y.; Niu, G.; Chen, X. Evaluation of an [18F]AlF-NOTA Analog of Exendin-4 for Imaging of GLP-1 Receptor in Insulinoma. Theranostics 2012, 2 (10), 999-1009. DOI: 10.7150/thno.5276.

NLM
Kiesewetter DO, Guo N, Guo J, Gao H, Zhu L, Ma Y, Niu G, Chen X. Evaluation of an [18F]AlF-NOTA Analog of Exendin-4 for Imaging of GLP-1 Receptor in Insulinoma. Theranostics 2012; 2(10):999-1009. doi:10.7150/thno.5276. https://www.thno.org/v02p0999.htm

CSE
Kiesewetter DO, Guo N, Guo J, Gao H, Zhu L, Ma Y, Niu G, Chen X. 2012. Evaluation of an [18F]AlF-NOTA Analog of Exendin-4 for Imaging of GLP-1 Receptor in Insulinoma. Theranostics. 2(10):999-1009.

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