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Theranostics 2016; 6(11):1753-1767. doi:10.7150/thno.15616 This issue Cite

Research Paper

PET Imaging with [18F]FSPG Evidences the Role of System xc- on Brain Inflammation Following Cerebral Ischemia in Rats

Maria Domercq1, Boguslaw Szczupak2, Jon Gejo1, Vanessa Gómez-Vallejo2,3, Daniel Padro2,4, Kiran Babu Gona2,3, Frédéric Dollé5, Makoto Higuchi6, Carlos Matute1, Jordi Llop2,3, Abraham Martín2✉

1. Department of Neurosciences, University of the Basque Country, Barrio Sarriena s/n, 48940 Leioa, Spain, Achucarro Basque Center for Neuroscience-UPV/EHU, 48170 Zamudio, Spain and Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), 48940 Leioa, Spain.
2. Molecular Imaging Unit, CIC biomaGUNE, Pº Miramon 182, San Sebastian, Spain.
3. Radiochemistry and Nuclear Imaging, CIC biomaGUNE, Pº Miramon 182, San Sebastian, Spain.
4. Magnetic Resonance Imaging. CIC biomaGUNE, Pº Miramon 182, San Sebastian, Spain.
5. CEA, Institut d'imagerie biomédicale, Service Hospitalier Frédéric Joliot, Orsay, France.
6. Molecular Imaging Center, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, Chiba, Japan.

✉ Corresponding author: Abraham Martín, Molecular Imaging Unit, CIC biomaGUNE, Pº Miramon 182, San Sebastian, Spain. E-mail address: amartines.

Citation:
Domercq M, Szczupak B, Gejo J, Gómez-Vallejo V, Padro D, Gona KB, Dollé F, Higuchi M, Matute C, Llop J, Martín A. PET Imaging with [18F]FSPG Evidences the Role of System xc- on Brain Inflammation Following Cerebral Ischemia in Rats. Theranostics 2016; 6(11):1753-1767. doi:10.7150/thno.15616. https://www.thno.org/v06p1753.htm
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Abstract

Graphic abstract

In vivo Positron Emission Tomography (PET) imaging of the cystine-glutamate antiporter (system xc-) activity with [18F]FSPG is meant to be an attractive tool for the diagnosis and therapy evaluation of brain diseases. However, the role of system xc- in cerebral ischemia and its involvement in inflammatory reaction has been scarcely explored. In this work, we report the longitudinal investigation of the neuroinflammatory process following transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) in rats using PET with [18F]FSPG and the translocator protein (TSPO) ligand [18F]DPA-714. In the ischemic territory, [18F]FSPG showed a progressive binding increase that peaked at days 3 to 7 and was followed by a progressive decrease from days 14 to 28 after reperfusion. In contrast, [18F]DPA-714 evidenced maximum binding uptake values over day 7 after reperfusion. Ex vivo immnunohistochemistry confirmed the up-regulation of system xc- in microglial cells and marginally in astrocytes. Inhibition of system xc- with sulfasalazine and S-4-CPG resulted in increased arginase (anti-inflammatory M2 marker) expression at day 7 after ischemia, together with a decrease in TSPO and microglial M1 proinflammatory markers (CCL2, TNF and iNOS) expression. Taken together, these results suggest that system xc- plays a key role in the inflammatory reaction underlying experimental stroke.

Keywords: T2W-MRI, [18F]FSPG, [18F]DPA-714, PET, cerebral ischemia.

Citation styles

APA
Domercq, M., Szczupak, B., Gejo, J., Gómez-Vallejo, V., Padro, D., Gona, K.B., Dollé, F., Higuchi, M., Matute, C., Llop, J., Martín, A. (2016). PET Imaging with [18F]FSPG Evidences the Role of System xc- on Brain Inflammation Following Cerebral Ischemia in Rats. Theranostics, 6(11), 1753-1767. https://doi.org/10.7150/thno.15616.

ACS
Domercq, M.; Szczupak, B.; Gejo, J.; Gómez-Vallejo, V.; Padro, D.; Gona, K.B.; Dollé, F.; Higuchi, M.; Matute, C.; Llop, J.; Martín, A. PET Imaging with [18F]FSPG Evidences the Role of System xc- on Brain Inflammation Following Cerebral Ischemia in Rats. Theranostics 2016, 6 (11), 1753-1767. DOI: 10.7150/thno.15616.

NLM
Domercq M, Szczupak B, Gejo J, Gómez-Vallejo V, Padro D, Gona KB, Dollé F, Higuchi M, Matute C, Llop J, Martín A. PET Imaging with [18F]FSPG Evidences the Role of System xc- on Brain Inflammation Following Cerebral Ischemia in Rats. Theranostics 2016; 6(11):1753-1767. doi:10.7150/thno.15616. https://www.thno.org/v06p1753.htm

CSE
Domercq M, Szczupak B, Gejo J, Gómez-Vallejo V, Padro D, Gona KB, Dollé F, Higuchi M, Matute C, Llop J, Martín A. 2016. PET Imaging with [18F]FSPG Evidences the Role of System xc- on Brain Inflammation Following Cerebral Ischemia in Rats. Theranostics. 6(11):1753-1767.

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