Theranostics 2019; 9(9):2555-2571. doi:10.7150/thno.32479 This issue Cite

Research Paper

Regulation of ezrin tension by S-nitrosylation mediates non-small cell lung cancer invasion and metastasis

Xiaolong Zhang1,2*, Guangming Li 3*, Yichen Guo4, Ying Song5, Linlin Chen1,2, Qinli Ruan1,2, Yifan Wang1,2, Lixia Sun 6, Yunfeng Hu1,2, Jingwen Zhou7, Bin Ren4, Jun Guo1,2✉

1. State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base for TCM Quality and Efficacy, School of Medicine and Life Science, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, Jiangsu, PR China.
2. Key Laboratory of Drug Target and Drug for Degenerative Disease, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, Jiangsu, PR China.
3. Department of Anesthesiology, Huaian First People's Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Huaian 223001, Jiangsu, PR China.
4. Department of Surgery and Biomedical Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham (UAB), Birmingham, Alabama. 35294, USA.
5. Department of Respiratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, PR China
6. Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, Jiangsu, PR China.
7. The First Clinical Medical College of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, PR China.
* contributed equally to this work

Citation:
Zhang X, Li G, Guo Y, Song Y, Chen L, Ruan Q, Wang Y, Sun L, Hu Y, Zhou J, Ren B, Guo J. Regulation of ezrin tension by S-nitrosylation mediates non-small cell lung cancer invasion and metastasis. Theranostics 2019; 9(9):2555-2571. doi:10.7150/thno.32479. https://www.thno.org/v09p2555.htm
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Abstract

Graphic abstract

Cancer invasion and metastasis depend on accurate and rapid modulation of both chemical and mechanical activities. The S-nitrosylation (SNO) of membrane cytoskeletal cross-linker protein ezrin may regulate the malignant process in a tension-dependent manner.

Methods: The level of nitrosylated ezrin in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) tissues and A549 cell line were evaluated by biotin-switch assay. A few cysteine mutated plasmids of ezrin were used to identify active site for SNO. Newly designed ezrin or mutated-ezrin tension probes based on Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) theory were applied to visually observe real-time tension changes. Cytoskeleton depolymerizing and motor molecular inhibiting experiments were performed to reveal the alternation of the mechanical property of ezrin after SNO. Transwell assays and xenograft mouse model were used to assess aggressiveness of A549 cells in different groups. Fluorescent staining was also applied to examine cellular location and structures.

Results: High inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) levels were observed to induce ezrin-SNO, and then promote malignant behaviors of NSCLC cells both in vitro and in vivo. Cys117 was identified as the only active site for ezrin-SNO. Meanwhile, an increased level of ezrin tension was observed after iNOS-induced SNO. Enhanced ezrin tension was positively correlated with aggressiveness of NSCLC. Moreover, Microfilament (MF) forces instead of microtubule (MT) forces played dominant roles in modulating ezrin tension, especially after ezrin nitrosylation.

Conclusion: This study revealed a SNO-associated mechanism underlying the mechanical tension of ezrin. Ezrin-SNO promotes NSCLC cells invasion and metastasis through facilitating mechanical transduction from the cytoskeleton to the membrane. These studies implicate the therapeutic potential by targeting ezrin in the inhibition NSCLC invasion and metastasis.

Keywords: non-small cell lung cancer, ezrin S-nitrosylation, FRET, invasion, metastasis


Citation styles

APA
Zhang, X., Li, G., Guo, Y., Song, Y., Chen, L., Ruan, Q., Wang, Y., Sun, L., Hu, Y., Zhou, J., Ren, B., Guo, J. (2019). Regulation of ezrin tension by S-nitrosylation mediates non-small cell lung cancer invasion and metastasis. Theranostics, 9(9), 2555-2571. https://doi.org/10.7150/thno.32479.

ACS
Zhang, X.; Li, G.; Guo, Y.; Song, Y.; Chen, L.; Ruan, Q.; Wang, Y.; Sun, L.; Hu, Y.; Zhou, J.; Ren, B.; Guo, J. Regulation of ezrin tension by S-nitrosylation mediates non-small cell lung cancer invasion and metastasis. Theranostics 2019, 9 (9), 2555-2571. DOI: 10.7150/thno.32479.

NLM
Zhang X, Li G, Guo Y, Song Y, Chen L, Ruan Q, Wang Y, Sun L, Hu Y, Zhou J, Ren B, Guo J. Regulation of ezrin tension by S-nitrosylation mediates non-small cell lung cancer invasion and metastasis. Theranostics 2019; 9(9):2555-2571. doi:10.7150/thno.32479. https://www.thno.org/v09p2555.htm

CSE
Zhang X, Li G, Guo Y, Song Y, Chen L, Ruan Q, Wang Y, Sun L, Hu Y, Zhou J, Ren B, Guo J. 2019. Regulation of ezrin tension by S-nitrosylation mediates non-small cell lung cancer invasion and metastasis. Theranostics. 9(9):2555-2571.

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